Dr. Anne M. Nickodem, M.D.

There are 3 fats pads under the lower lid. The tissues holding them back stretch, losing elasticity as you age. This allows the fat pads to bulge.
The dark circles are from the visibility of the blood supply being visible under the skin.

There are motor nerves which move the muscles of the face, separate from the sensory nerves of the skin. Depending upon the muscles and extent to which they are affected, the nerve
May heal in 6 months approximately. Progress will be seen week to week if recovering function. You should follow up frequently with your surgeon to follow and may refer you to physical therapy.

Bags under eyes may be a result of excess skin, bulging fat pads or a combination. Evaluation will determine the appropriate treatment from skin tightening to skin and/or fat pad removal.

Plastic surgery does not prevent aging or loss of skin elasticity. It can reposition the Breast mound to a more favorable position by removing excess skin. Over time the bottom of breast will lengthen with gravity.

Many plastic surgeons are hand specialist and will splint/cast or pin accordingly.

Scars are permanent but sometimes may be improved with topical treatments or surgical intervention. Surgery is not for everyone.

All surgical procedures have inherent risks. Liposuction may be performed safely when done by a board certified plastic surgeon experienced in liposuction.
There are alternatives that are non operative . Coolsculpt, Emsculpt, etc. depending upon excess fat location and volume may be able to achieve the desired results.

Tummy tuck includes tightening of abdominal muscle sleeves. This is what prolongs recovery.
Most patients return to work in 2 weeks and are unrestricted in activity in 6 weeks.

Yes, there is a risk of injection into the artery of the lip resulting in a hematoma.
This is not common.

Upper eyelid surgery requires removal of excess skin fold +/- fat bulge near the nasal complex. You must be evaluated for brow prosis as this may contribute to upper lid skin excess. Dry eye symptoms must be assessed and treated prior to surgery and may be exacerbated after. Lower lid surgery involves assessment of 3 fat pad bulges, skin elasticity, and laxity.
Approach varies from inside lower lid without skin removal/ trans conjunctival, per cutaneous skin excision beneath lower lash line with skin removal, or additional procedures added for laxity such as a canthopexy.

Dr. Anne Nickodem