Dr. V. Swetha Jeganathan

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common vision condition where distant objects appear blurry. There are several treatment options available for myopia, ranging from corrective lenses to surgical procedures. The most appropriate treatment will depend on the severity of your myopia and your personal preferences. Here are some options: - Prescription Eyeglasses: The most common and non-invasive way to correct myopia is by wearing eyeglasses. An optometrist or ophthalmologist can determine your prescription, and you can choose from a variety of frame styles. - Contact Lenses: These provide a more natural field of vision compared to glasses. There are daily, weekly, monthly, and specialty contact lenses designed specifically for myopia. Consult an eye care professional to determine the best type for your needs. - Bifocal or Multifocal Lenses: These lenses are designed to help people with myopia, especially if they also have presbyopia (difficulty focusing on close objects). They can improve both distance and near vision. - Refractive Surgery: Surgical procedures can permanently reshape the cornea to correct myopia. Common options include: 1. LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis): This surgery uses a laser to reshape the cornea. 2. PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy): Similar to LASIK but involves removing the outer layer of the cornea before reshaping. - Orthokeratology (Ortho-K): This involves using specially designed gas-permeable contact lenses that are worn overnight to reshape the cornea. During the day, you won't need to wear any vision correction. Ortho-K is primarily used to slow the progression of myopia in children. - Behavioral and Lifestyle Changes: Encouraging outdoor activities and reducing screen time, especially in children, can help control myopia progression. - Combination Therapy: In some cases, a combination of treatments may be recommended to address both vision correction and the progression of myopia. It's crucial to consult with an eye care professional, such as an optometrist or ophthalmologist, to determine the best treatment option for your specific case of myopia. They will consider factors like your prescription strength, age, eye health, and lifestyle to provide personalized recommendations. Regular eye exams are also essential to monitor any changes in your condition and adjust your treatment as needed.

In a healthy 45-year-old, there isn't a specific vitamin that is typically recommended solely for eye health. Instead, the best approach is to focus

While Lasik surgery is generally considered safe and effective, it is possible that it can lead to temporary visual disturbances, such as glare, halos, and starbursts, especially in the early stages of recovery. These visual disturbances can potentially affect your sense of balance, which could lead to a sensation similar to vertigo. It's important to note that Lasik surgery itself is not a direct cause of vertigo, which is typically a disorder related to the inner ear or the vestibular system. However, the changes in visual perception that can occur after Lasik surgery might indirectly contribute to a temporary feeling of imbalance or dizziness in some people. This usually resolves as the eyes heal and adjust to the changes made during the surgery. If you are experiencing persistent or severe vertigo after Lasik surgery, it's crucial to consult with your treating ophthalmologist and a medical doctor to rule out any other underlying causes for the vertigo and receive appropriate evaluation and treatment. It could be possible that your symptoms are unrelated to the LASIK surgery, and a thorough medical examination can help determine the cause and the most appropriate course of action.

*LASIK:* LASIK is a well-established vision correction procedure that has helped millions of people achieve better vision. During LASIK, a small flap is created on the cornea (the clear front part of the eye), and a laser is used to reshape the corneal tissue underneath. The flap is then repositioned, and it adheres without the need for stitches. *FemtoLASIK:* FemtoLASIK is a modern variation of LASIK, using advanced femtosecond laser technology for flap creation. The femtosecond laser creates a precise corneal flap, which is then lifted to allow for the reshaping of the cornea. The flap is repositioned without the need for sutures. *Key Differences: LASIK vs. FemtoLASIK* 1. Flap Creation: LASIK uses either a mechanical microkeratome or a femtosecond laser for flap creation. FemtoLASIK exclusively utilizes a femtosecond laser for creating the flap, offering a more precise and controlled process. 2. Recovery Time: LASIK typically provides a fast recovery with improved vision within a day or two. FemtoLASIK has a similar recovery time to LASIK, making both procedures convenient for most patients. 3. Precision and Customization: LASIK results depend on the surgeon's skill and experience. FemtoLASIK offers an even higher level of precision in flap creation and corneal reshaping due to advanced laser technology. 4. Suitability for Thin Corneas: LASIK may not be suitable for individuals with very thin corneas. FemtoLASIK can be a better option for individuals with thin corneas, as it can create thinner and more predictable flaps. *Considerations:* Both LASIK and FemtoLASIK are generally safe and effective procedures. Costs may vary, with FemtoLASIK typically being slightly more expensive due to the advanced technology used in flap creation. *Conclusion:* If you're considering vision correction surgery, it's crucial to consult with an experienced ophthalmologist who specialises in corneal refractive surgery. They will evaluate your specific eye condition and recommend the most suitable procedure for you. Whether you choose LASIK or FemtoLASIK, the goal is the same: to improve your vision and reduce or eliminate your dependence on glasses or contact lenses.

5. Avoid strenuous activities: In the immediate post-operative period, it's a good idea to avoid activities that could cause eye trauma or strain. This includes activities like swimming and contact sports. 6. Protect your eyes: If you watch TV or use screens, make sure you don't strain your eyes. Ensure good lighting, and sit at a comfortable distance from the screen. Avoid any activities that might lead to eye injuries. 7. Attend follow-up appointments: Make sure to attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your LASIK surgeon to monitor your progress and address any concerns or issues. The recovery time after LASIK can vary from person to person, but many individuals can return to their normal activities, including watching TV, within a day or two after the surgery. However, it's essential to be cautious and follow your surgeon's recommendations to ensure a smooth and successful recovery. If you experience any unusual symptoms or discomfort, be sure to contact your surgeon promptly.

Lack of sleep can indeed cause blurred vision and it is important to understand how this happens. Your eyes, like the rest of your body, require proper rest to function optimally. Here's how sleep deprivation can lead to blurred vision: - Eye Fatigue: Prolonged wakefulness can lead to eye strain and fatigue. When your eye muscles are tired, they have difficulty focusing properly on objects, resulting in blurry vision. - Dry Eyes: During sleep, your eyes naturally replenish their tear film, which keeps them moist and nourished. When you don't get enough sleep, your eyes may become dry and irritated. Dry eyes can lead to blurred vision and discomfort. - Reduced Blinking: When you're tired, you tend to blink less frequently. Blinking is essential for spreading tears across the surface of your eyes. Reduced blinking can contribute to dryness and, subsequently, blurry vision. - Increased Sensitivity to Light: Sleep deprivation can make your eyes more sensitive to light. This increased sensitivity, known as photophobia, can cause discomfort and difficulty seeing clearly in bright environments. - Eye Twitching: Lack of sleep can also lead to eye twitching, a condition called myokymia. While this may not directly cause blurred vision, it can disrupt your ability to focus and, over time, contribute to visual disturbances. - Visual Processing Impairments: Sleep deprivation can impair your brain's ability to process visual information effectively. This can lead to difficulties in perceiving and interpreting what you see, potentially causing blurred vision. - Reduced Blood Flow: Sleep is essential for overall circulation, including blood flow to the eyes. When you're sleep-deprived, there may be reduced blood flow to your eyes, affecting their overall function. It's important to note that the severity of these effects can vary from person to person and may depend on the duration and chronicity of sleep deprivation. If you're experiencing persistent blurred vision or any other eye-related issues due to lack of sleep, it's crucial to prioritize healthy sleep habits and, if necessary, consult with a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and guidance on addressing your specific concerns.

Thank you for your question. Here are some common symptoms and signs of an eye infection: 1. Redness: The whites of the eye (conjunctiva) may appear red or bloodshot. 2. Eye Discharge: You may notice a discharge from the eye. The discharge can be clear, white, yellow, or greenish and may crust around the eyelids. 3. Itching or Burning Sensation: The affected eye may feel itchy or as though it's burning. 4. Swelling: Swelling of the eyelids or the area around the eye can occur. 5. Pain or Discomfort: You may experience pain or discomfort in the affected eye. 6. Sensitivity to Light: Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) is common in some eye infections. 7. Foreign Body Sensation: It might feel like there's something like sand or grit in your eye. 8. Watery Eyes: Excessive tearing can be a symptom of an eye infection. 9. Crusty Eyelids: Crust may form on the eyelids, especially upon waking. 10. Blurred Vision: Your vision may become blurry or hazy. Severe infections can lead to a significant decrease in vision. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms, as untreated eye infections can lead to complications or vision problems. Your healthcare provider can determine the cause of the infection and prescribe appropriate treatments, which may include antibiotic or antiviral eye drop /ointments, or other medications. Additionally, they can offer guidance on how to care for your eyes and prevent further infection.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is an eye infection caused by bacteria, and while some cases may resolve on their own, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. However, if you suspect you have bacterial conjunctivitis and cannot immediately see a doctor, here are some general guidelines: 1. Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially before and after touching your eyes. Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes to prevent spreading the infection. 2. Warm Compresses: Applying a clean, warm compress to your closed eyelids for 5-10 minutes a few times a day may help relieve discomfort and remove discharge. 3. Eye Drops:Artificial tears or saline eye drops can help soothe the eyes and wash away discharge. These are available over the counter at most pharmacies. 4. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Antibiotic Eye Drops or Ointments: Some pharmacies offer OTC antibiotic eye drops or ointments that can help treat bacterial conjunctivitis. 5. Avoid Contact Lenses:If you wear contact lenses, temporarily switch to glasses until your symptoms resolve. 6. Clean and Disinfect: Clean eyeglasses and frames regularly to prevent contamination. Wash your pillowcases, towels, and any other items that have come into contact with your eyes in hot water to kill bacteria. Do not share towels, washcloths, or eye drops with others to avoid spreading the infection. Proper hygiene and medical treatment are essential for a full recovery and to prevent the spread of bacterial conjunctivitis to others It's crucial to remember that these home remedies are not a substitute for professional medical advice. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be caused by various bacteria, and the appropriate antibiotic treatment may differ. If your symptoms worsen or do not improve within a couple of days, consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and prescription for antibiotics if necessary. 1. - 1.

Wearing contact lenses for an extended period, such as 30 days continuously, typically refers to the use of extended wear contact lenses. There are two main types of contact lenses in terms of wear time: daily wear and extended wear. *Types of Contact Lenses:* 1. Daily Wear Lenses: These are designed to be worn during the day and removed at night. They are typically worn for 12-18 hours at a time. 2. Extended Wear Lenses: These are designed for overnight wear, including while sleeping. They can be worn continuously for a certain number of days (usually up to 30) before they need to be replaced. *Pros of Extended Wear Contact Lenses:* Convenience: Extended wear lenses eliminate the need for daily insertion and removal, which can be especially convenient for people with busy lifestyles or those who may have difficulty handling lenses. Suitable for Specific Situations: They can be useful for situations where access to clean water and suitable hygiene practices might be limited, such as during camping trips. No Need for Backup Glasses: Since you wear them day and night, you don't need to worry about carrying around backup glasses for when you can't wear your lenses. *Cons and Risks of Extended Wear Contact Lenses:* Increased Risk of Infections: Extended wear lenses have a higher risk of causing eye infections compared to daily wear lenses. This is because the lenses are in contact with your eyes for an extended period, providing more time for bacteria and other pathogens to accumulate. Reduced Oxygen Supply: Extended wear lenses are designed to allow more oxygen to reach the cornea. However, wearing them continuously for an extended period can still reduce the amount of oxygen that gets to your eyes, potentially leading to discomfort and complications. Potential for Dryness and Discomfort: Extended wear lenses may contribute to dry eyes, especially if the lenses are not designed to retain moisture. Cost: Extended wear lenses tend to be more expensive than daily wear lenses. Additionally, because they're designed for extended use, you might end up replacing them less frequently but at a higher cost per lens. Regular Check-ups are Essential: It's crucial to have regular check-ups with your eye care professional if you're using extended wear lenses to monitor your eye health and ensure that there are no developing issues. Not Suitable for Everyone: Some people may not be suitable candidates for extended wear lenses due to specific eye conditions or other factors. Your eye care professional will determine if they are a safe option for you. Remember, it's crucial to follow your eye care professional's recommendations regarding wearing schedules and maintenance for any type of contact lenses. They can provide you with the best advice based on your individual circumstances and needs.

Sure! Lying flat after cataract surgery is a common recommendation to allow the eye to heal properly. It helps reduce pressure on the surgical site and minimize the risk of complications. Your eye surgeon will provide specific post-operative instructions tailored to your case.

Cataract surgery is typically performed with the patient lying down. This position allows for better access to the eye and makes it easier for the surgeon to perform the procedure. The patient's head is usually tilted slightly backward, and the eye to be operated on is held open with a speculum. During the surgery, the patient is often awake, but local anesthesia is used to numb the eye and surrounding tissues, so they don't feel any pain. The surgeon makes a small incision in the eye, removes the clouded natural lens (cataract), and replaces it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) to restore clear vision. While the patient is lying down during the surgery, the operating table or chair may be adjusted to the surgeon's preferred working height. After the procedure, the patient is typically allowed to sit up and recover for a short period before being discharged, but the actual surgery is performed with the patient lying down. If a patient is unable to lie flat due to a medical condition or physical limitation, cataract surgery can still be performed with some modifications and accommodations. It's important for individuals in such situations to communicate their limitations with their ophthalmologist and surgical team so that appropriate adjustments can be made. Here are some considerations: - Upright or Semi-Reclined Position: In cases where a patient cannot lie completely flat, the surgical team may use an upright or semi-reclined position. Specialized equipment or chairs can be used to achieve the necessary positioning for the surgery while keeping the patient as comfortable as possible. - Communication: Open and clear communication with the surgical team is crucial. Patients should inform their surgeon about their inability to lie flat well in advance of the surgery so that necessary preparations can be made. - Anesthesia and Sedation: Local anesthesia is often used for cataract surgery, which means that only the eye and surrounding tissues are numbed. In cases where the patient can't lie flat, the anesthesiologist may need to make adjustments to ensure the patient remains comfortable throughout the procedure. They may provide additional sedation to help the patient relax. - Surgical Techniques: The surgeon may need to adapt their techniques based on the patient's positioning. They will work closely with the patient to ensure that the eye is accessible and the surgery can be performed safely and effectively. - Specialized Equipment: Some medical facilities have specialized equipment designed for performing surgery on patients who cannot lie flat. This equipment can facilitate the surgery and provide better support for the patient. - Postoperative Care: After the surgery, patients may need extra time to recover and regain their equilibrium, especially if they had additional sedation. The surgical team will monitor the patient's condition and ensure they are safe to sit up and eventually go home. Patients with specific medical conditions or physical limitations should have a detailed discussion with their eye surgeon to develop a personalized plan for cataract surgery that takes their unique circumstances into account. This approach ensures that the surgery is both safe and effective while minimizing any discomfort or complications for the patient.

I presume you are asking about LASIK. The minimum age is 18 years but there is no upper age limit. Many adults are happy with their LASIK results in their 30's and beyond. However, your current eye prescription should be stable, corneas with appropriate thickness and you should be in good general health. Your eye doctor will check to ensure that you are eligible for LASIK to ensure the best visual outcome.

It is important to recognize the signs of a serious Infection. While most contact lens wearers may experience mild discomfort from time to time, it's crucial to differentiate between common issues and a potentially serious infection. Here are some warning signs that warrant immediate attention from an eye care professional:

a. Persistent Redness and Irritation: If your eyes remain red and irritated even after removing your lenses, it could indicate an infection or another underlying issue.

b. Increased Sensitivity to Light: Light sensitivity, or photophobia, may signal an infection or corneal inflammation. Seek professional evaluation if you experience this symptom.

c. Excessive Tearing or Discharge: Unusual tearing or discharge from the eyes could be a sign of infection, especially if it's accompanied by other symptoms.

d. Blurred Vision: Blurriness in vision, especially if it worsens over time, may indicate an infection or other serious problems requiring immediate attention.

e. Eye Pain and Swelling: Pain and swelling in or around the eyes should not be ignored, as they may indicate an infection or other eye-related issues.

f. Foreign Body Sensation: If you feel like there's something stuck in your eye despite removing your lenses, it's essential to have it examined by a professional.

g. White Spots on the Cornea: The appearance of white spots on the cornea can be a sign of corneal infection, which requires urgent medical attention.

3. What to Do if You Suspect an Infection

If you notice any of the warning signs mentioned above or have concerns about your contact lens wear, take these steps:

a. Remove Your Lenses: Immediately remove your contact lenses and avoid using them until you've consulted with an eye care professional.

b. Contact Your Eye Care Provider: Reach out to your eye care specialist or optometrist promptly to explain your symptoms and seek their advice.

c. Avoid Self-Medication: Do not attempt to self-diagnose or self-medicate with over-the-counter eye drops or medications. This can potentially exacerbate the issue or mask the symptoms, making diagnosis and treatment more challenging.

Conclusion

By following proper contact lens care practices and recognizing the warning signs of a serious infection, you can help protect your eyes and enjoy the benefits of clear vision safely. Remember, your eye health is of utmost importance, and any concerning symptoms should be promptly addressed by a qualified eye care professional.

Wearing contact lenses can significantly improve your vision and overall comfort, but it's essential to handle them with care and adhere to proper practices. To ensure your eye health remains uncompromised, here are the several things you should never do when wearing contact lenses:

1. Never Sleep in Your Lenses: Sleeping in contact lenses, unless specifically designed for extended wear, can lead to serious eye problems. It reduces oxygen flow to the cornea and increases the risk of infections and other complications.

2. Avoid Using Tap Water or Saliva: Never use tap water or saliva to clean, rinse, or store your lenses. These fluids can contain harmful microorganisms that may lead to infections or damage your lenses.

3. Don't Wear Lenses Beyond Their Lifespan: Each type of contact lens has a designated replacement schedule (daily, bi-weekly, monthly, etc.). Follow the prescribed timeline and never wear lenses past their expiration date, as it can compromise eye health.

4. Never Share Your Lenses: Contact lenses are personalized to fit your eyes, and sharing them can introduce foreign bacteria, leading to infections and potential vision complications.

5. Avoid Using Damaged Lenses: If a lens becomes torn, damaged, or feels uncomfortable, do not attempt to wear it. Using damaged lenses can scratch your cornea and increase the risk of infections.

6. Don't Skip Regular Eye Exams: Routine eye exams are crucial for contact lens wearers. Regular check-ups help monitor eye health, ensure your prescription is up-to-date, and catch any issues early on.

7. Never Ignore Symptoms of Discomfort or Infection: If you experience redness, pain, itching, excessive tearing, or any unusual symptoms while wearing contact lenses, remove them immediately and seek advice from your eye care professional. Ignoring these signs could lead to more severe eye problems.

Remember, caring for your eyes is a priority, and proper contact lens hygiene is essential in maintaining clear vision and healthy eyes. Always follow the guidelines provided by your eye care specialist and don't hesitate to seek professional advice if you have any concerns about your contact lens wear.

Wearing contact lenses, when done responsibly and with proper care, usually does not cause damage to the eyes. However, there are some risks associated with contact lens wear that can lead to eye problems if not managed correctly. It's crucial to be aware of these risks and follow the necessary precautions to ensure optimal eye health. Here are some potential risks and how to avoid them:

1. Eye Infections: Incorrect handling, improper cleaning, or wearing lenses for extended periods can increase the risk of eye infections. Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can lead to discomfort, redness, and, in severe cases, vision loss.

Precaution: Always follow your eye care professional's instructions on proper contact lens care and hygiene. Wash your hands before handling lenses, clean and disinfect them regularly, and replace them as recommended.

2. Corneal Abrasions: A scratched or damaged cornea can occur if a foreign object or a rough lens surface comes into contact with the eye. This can cause pain, sensitivity to light, and potential complications.

Precaution: Handle lenses with care, avoid using damaged lenses, and follow a proper lens replacement schedule. If you experience any discomfort, remove the lenses and consult your eye care provider.

3. Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to the materials used in contact lenses or their care solutions. This can lead to redness, itching, and discomfort.

Precaution: If you suspect an allergic reaction, discontinue lens use immediately and consult your eye care professional for alternative lens materials or solutions.

4. Dry Eye Syndrome: Contact lenses can exacerbate dry eye symptoms in some individuals, leading to discomfort, blurry vision, and irritation.

Precaution: Stay well-hydrated, use lubricating eye drops as recommended by your eye care specialist, and consider using contact lenses designed for dry eyes if needed.

5. Corneal Hypoxia: Some contact lenses reduce the amount of oxygen reaching the cornea, especially if worn for extended periods. This can lead to corneal hypoxia, causing discomfort and other complications.

Precaution: Avoid wearing lenses for longer than the recommended duration, and choose breathable lenses designed for extended wear if necessary.

Conclusion:

While contact lenses can be worn safely by millions of people worldwide, it's essential to prioritize eye health and follow proper contact lens care and usage guidelines. Regular eye exams and open communication with your eye care professional are essential in identifying and managing any potential issues that may arise from contact lens wear. By taking appropriate precautions and adhering to good lens hygiene, you can enjoy clear vision and comfortable contact lens wear without compromising your eye health.

Thank you for reaching out. If you perceive difference in color, it could be indicative of one of several underlying issues that require attention of an ophthalmologist. Variances in vision darkness may not only affect visual clarity but could be secondary to a cataract, glaucoma, optic nerve, retinal or macular disease, etc. It's important to schedule an appointment with an ophthalmologist for a comprehensive evaluation, diagnosis and treatment plan.

Thank you for your question. It really depends on what eye surgery you had, and best consult your eye surgery. However, here are some general tips which you may find beneficial for the first week following your procedure: 1. Keep water and soap directly away from your eyes for the first week. 2. Do not splash water directly on your face. 3. Do not touch or rub your eye. 4 Use a damp clean wash cloth to carefully dab your face. 5. Have eye closed if possible when cleaning the face.