“What happens if I am exposed to a lot of dust?”

I advise that you use artificial tears to rinse the dust out of your eyes. If the dust contains particles of metal or bacteria it’s wise to use saline or moisture drops to rinse the dust out of your eyes. I don’t advise eye rubbing which could scratch your corneas. If your eyes get red or begin to hurt, you should see your Optometrist for an evaluation.

First if all, what kind of dust are you talking about? Some things that are breathed in can potentially be harmful to your lungs and your nasal passages. Maybe wearing a mask can reduce your exposure. There is little chance that "damage" can occur to your eyesight. This may be more of a nuisance or an inconvenience. Using some preservative free artificial tears as needed will help flush any of these particles from your eyes. And your normal blinking will also flush anything to the inside corners of your eyes which can then be removed gently with a soft kleenex. Best advice is to avoid this exposure if at all possible. One other suggestion, goggles or swimming goggles will adhere to your face and eye area so that no dust would contact you at all.
Good Luck.

Dust will not damage your eyesight. Dust can collect on the lashes and clog up the glands in the eyelids, leading to blepharitis, allergies, and dry eyes. Make sure that you clean your eyelids and lashes with a special cleanser made for the eye area twice per day. You can also rinse the outer area of your eyelids with saline solution for sensitive eyes if you are somewhere where you do not have your lid cleanser.

Wash them out and carry a good quality tear drop in your pocket to use several times a day like Systane or Refresh.

Other than possibly causing an irritant to the eye,it's likely not to cause permanent sight damage. Dust may create allergies or foreign body sensations that may typically be improved with lubricants. If discomfort persists,you should certainly see your eye doctor.
Dr. Lior Koppel

It can clog your oil glands and tear ducts as well as make your eyes feel sandy and gritty. The best thing to do is put in an artificial tear before and after your walk and wear a dust blocking goggle/wrap around glasses that block the dust.

Flush it out with water. If there is an allergic reaction, use Zaiditor as needed. Or, if there is a sandy, gritty sensation, use Refresh artificial tears.