“What are the hormones responsible for increasing height in children?”

Growth is affected by genetics, nutrition, physical and psychosocial and hormonal factors. Besides genetic endowment and hormones, poor nutrition and psychological or psychological deprivation can stant (restrict) growth. Loving care make children grow better than putting them in orphanage. in other words institutionalized children thrive less than children in loving homes. Nutrition is also the whole mark of maximum expression of the gene for a better growth. During the American civil war the average man was about 5feet 2 inches. At this time the average man is about 5 feet 10 inches. The gene does not change in 150 years. What has changed is nutrition. The better the nutrition is the better the growth. Similarly children who are small and picky eaters are generally small due to suboptimum nutrition.
Hormones also play a very important role in growth. Growth hormone and thyroid hormone are prime examples. Other hormones given in excess amount or produced in excess can cause growth restriction. excess cortisol is an example.
Numerous Genetic abnormalities can also interfere in growth. examples will not be discussed here because they are beyond the scope of this topic. Gastrointestinal conditions such as celiac, inflammatory bowel disease can lead to growth failure. Anemia, liver disease, kidney disease, heart disease will also stant growth. There many other medical conditions that will interfere with normal growth as well.
In your sons case there is no simple answer to your question without proper medical evaluation of your son. You can optimize his nutritional intake. you can also see a nutritionist if you think his nutritional intake is in question. Make sure you also pay attention to his weight. You do not want to create obesity in trying to promote his height growth.
Regarding hormone supplement, he needs to see his doctor to determine if he has growth problems and to determine if he is a candidate for hormone therapy . If your doctor determines there are hormone imbalances he/she will do what is appropriate to help
your son grow.
Good luck

Many hormones play a role. I am not aware of any height-increasing supplements that I would trust.

Growth in children depends on so many factors. The hormones mainly involved in growth are thyroid hormone and growth hormone. Once puberty starts, sex hormones also play an important role. However, in order to grow, every system in their bodies should be working in perfect harmony, as liver, kidneys, etc. If you have any concerns about his growth, the best next step is to have him evaluated by a pediatric endocrinologist. I do not recommend any supplements over the counter. If he is healthy, a balanced diet should be enough to help him grow to his full potential.

All of your hormones in balance is essential for good growth. Growth hormone is the hormone directly responsible for growth. It is secreted during deep sleep. It is important for a child to get 8-10 hours of sleep every night so he can grow properly. He also needs to be eating healthy. Your son's healthcare provider should help you make sure that there is not a health problem slowing down his growth. I do not know of any supplements that help growth.

There are no height increasing supplements despite the adds to the contrary - unless there is a hormone deficiency such as a growth hormone insufficiency, underactive thyroid or problems with ovaries or testicles where estrogen or testosterone ar not being produced. Similarly, there can be problems in the controlling factors in the brain hypothalamus and pituitary areas hormone. And it depends on the cause of the short stature, whether this is just a delayed benign pattern that others in the family have had and that will self-correct; or a genetic problem such as Turner Syndrome or Noonan Syndrome. Or a late effect of having been born small for gestational age (SGA). all of these respond to growth hormone treatment just the same as if there was overt growth hormone deficiency. So, lots of medical detective work to get family history, past history for the child in question, and review of detailed height and weight charts to look for patterns and clues. Then some X-rays like a hand bone age or some pituitary MRI studies. Then some blood tests looking for subtle problems that impact growth and growth rate, but most importantly, close follow-up with height and weight plotted every 3-6 months to be more aware of what is happening, correcting, worsening, or staying the same. If still questions, then a consultation with a pediatric endocrinologist will help sort most of these issues.