Dr. Madeline Laura irene Leal PHARMD

Recommended Articles

• How Does a Vitamin D Deficiency Affect Us?

  Vitamin D, or the sunshine vitamin, is normally produced by the body in response to exposure to sunlight. Foods including fish, fish liver oils, and egg yolks are rich sources of this vitamin. Because of this, vegetarians often have a vitamin D deficiency. Many dairy products are now fortified with...

• Risk-Reduction Mastectomy for those with Ovarian Cancer

  A risk-reducing mastectomy is a type of surgical procedure that involves the removal of a woman’s breasts when there is an increased risk of developing breast cancer, yet there is no sign of breast cancer. Any woman who has had breast cancer is considered at high-risk of developing breast cancer...

• How to Prepare for a Cholecystectomy

  Cholecystectomy is a surgery done to remove the gallbladder. Such procedure is performed as a result of many causes. In most cases, a cholecystectomy is performed to relieve the patient from complications caused by the inflammation of the gallbladder.A gallbladder is an organ that is located just...

• Accutane and Crohn’s: What You Need to Know

  According to the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, Crohn’s disease affects over 780,000 individuals living in the United States. Widely known as a common type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s causes chronic inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. ...

• Why is it Difficult to Diagnose Fibromyalgia?

  Fibromyalgia is considered a medical mystery. There is no known cause for fibromyalgia, and it can be very difficult to diagnose and treat. There are no lab tests or imaging that can conclusively identify the illness.  Fibromyalgia is a set of symptoms that must be assessed on an individual...

• How is Celiac Disease Diagnosed?

  Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to damage in the lining of the small intestine when exposed to gluten in certain foods. People who have celiac disease are unable to properly digest gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. In these individuals, the damage that results...