Rafael Espinosa M.A

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• When Acid Reflux Causes A Sore Throat

  Acid reflux, also referred to as heartburn, is a hallmark symptom of GERD or gastroesophageal reflux disease. With GERD, the muscle at the end of the esophagus either does not close properly or is too loose, which allows acid as well as food particles in the stomach to get back up to the...

• What is a Middle Ear Infection?

  First, let us recall the basic anatomy of the ear.Our ear is divided into three parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The outer or external ear is the outermost part of the ear and consists of the ear pinna, external ear canal, and the eardrum. The eardrum separates the external and...

• Recovery After a Laminectomy

  Laminectomy is a surgical procedure done for the removal of the lamina, bone spurs, and ligaments that may be putting pressure on your spinal nerves and causing lower back pain. The procedure is said to be one of the most commonly performed back surgeries. Below is a detailed information on what...

• Protect Your Skin from the Cold Winter Air

  Winter, characterized by cold winds and low humidity, is a nightmare for beautiful skin whether you have eczema, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis. Ella L. Toombs, MD, a board-certified dermatologist and director of Aesthetic Dermatology of Dupont Circle, in Washington, D.C, says that it is a...

• Can Physical Therapy Treat Multiple Sclerosis?

  Physical therapy (PT) is vital in the rehabilitation as well as conservation of important functional abilities for somebody with multiple sclerosis. Since multiple sclerosis varies from individual to individual (and the disability progresses over time), it is essential for a physical therapist to...

• What Causes Cat Scratch Fever?

  What is cat scratch fever?Cat scratch fever is also known as "cat scratch disease", which is a type of bacterial infection. The disease got its name because humans contract the infection from cats that are infected with the bacterium called Bartonella henselae, which is one of the most common...