Tooth sensitivity causes and treatments

Expert Author
Dr. Jayme Oliveira Filho Dentist Chesapeake, VA

Dr. Jayme A. Oliveira Filho (Dr. O) was born in Brazil on 1976. He finished his dental school at Federal University of Ceara School of Dentistry in 1999. Dr. O practiced dentistry in Brazil for 5 years until, where he did his post-graduation in dental prosthetics. He moved with his family to the United States in 2003 to... more

Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, is a common dental problem that causes discomfort or pain when the teeth are exposed to certain stimuli, such as hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and beverages, as well as cold air. It occurs when the protective enamel layer on the teeth is worn down, exposing the underlying dentin and nerve endings. There are several potential causes of tooth sensitivity, and treatments vary depending on the underlying cause. Here's an overview:

Causes of Tooth Sensitivity:

  1. Gum Recession: When the gum tissue around the teeth recedes, it exposes the tooth roots, which are not as well protected by enamel. This can lead to increased sensitivity.
  2. Enamel Erosion: Acidic foods and beverages, as well as stomach acid from conditions like acid reflux, can erode the enamel, leading to sensitivity.
  3. Brushing Too Hard: Aggressive brushing or using a toothbrush with hard bristles can wear down enamel and cause gum recession, leading to sensitivity.
  4. Tooth Grinding (Bruxism): Clenching or grinding your teeth can wear down enamel and expose dentin, causing sensitivity.
  5. Dental Procedures: Some dental treatments, like teeth whitening, dental fillings, and crown placements, can cause temporary sensitivity.
  6. Cracked Teeth: Cracks in teeth can expose the dentin and lead to sensitivity when chewing or consuming certain foods.
  7. Tooth Decay: Cavities that reach the dentin layer can cause sensitivity.

Treatments for Tooth Sensitivity:

  1. Desensitizing Toothpaste: Using toothpaste specially formulated for sensitive teeth can help block the sensation from reaching the nerve endings.
  2. Soft-Bristled Toothbrush: Switch to a soft-bristled toothbrush and practice gentle brushing techniques to prevent enamel abrasion.
  3. Gentle Brushing: Avoid brushing immediately after consuming acidic foods or beverages, as this can temporarily soften enamel. Instead, rinse your mouth with water and wait at least 30 minutes before brushing.
  4. Fluoride Rinse or Gel: Fluoride helps strengthen enamel and can be applied in the form of a rinse or gel by your dentist.
  5. Dental Sealants: These thin protective coatings can be applied to exposed tooth surfaces to reduce sensitivity.
  6. Gum Grafting: For severe gum recession, a surgical procedure called gum grafting can be done to cover exposed tooth roots.
  7. Dental Procedures: If tooth sensitivity is caused by dental procedures, it often subsides on its own after a short period of time.
  8. Mouthguard for Bruxism: If tooth grinding is the cause, wearing a custom-fitted mouthguard at night can protect your teeth from further damage.
  9. Dietary Changes: Limit acidic foods and beverages to prevent enamel erosion.
  10. Regular Dental Checkups: Regular visits to the dentist can help identify and address the underlying causes of sensitivity.

It's important to consult with a dentist if you're experiencing tooth sensitivity. They can diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatments based on your specific situation.