“Can anesthesia cause panic attacks?”

Before or after? Possible at both times.

Some medication can contribute to panic attack. Anesthesiologist should be aware of these and don’t use them.

Anesthesia agents do not "cause" panic attacks. However, there is a range in depth of anesthesia that is carefully controlled by the anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist administering the anesthesia medications. Not all of the central nervous system (including the various parts of the brain) respond in exactly the same manner at exactly the same time to exactly the same concentration of anesthesia. This tends to be more noticeable when the level of anesthetizing is not "deep". Anesthesia can be controlled to provide lighter amounts of anesthesia administration or deeper amounts. If the patient is anxious, and deep anesthesia is not rapidly established, there may be a point in which the inhibitions to fright or "panic" become anesthetized, but consciousness is not yet anesthetized. This could happen during the beginning of anesthesia administration or at the end of anesthesia administration, at times when lower levels of anesthesia are present in the body for some (generally short and transient) amount of time. So the answer is that while anesthesia does not CAUSE panic attacks (per your question), anesthesia administration may facilitate at least temporary levels of the sensation of loss of control, in which some people may develop a sensation of panic. That's one reason why the beginning of anesthesia, generally referred to as the period of "induction" of anesthesia, is often done in such as manner as to rapidly progress from fully conscious to deeply unconscious. This helps minimize the duration of any type of discomfort associated with this transition of states of consciousness.

Yes. Certain psychiatric problems get worst due to anesthesia drugs.