Emad F. Aziz, DO, MB ChB, FACC

Arrhythmia is a very generic name, it could be very benign and has no consequences or could be a disease that need to be diagnosed and treated. Most abnormal rhythms in young patient are the cause of abnormal tissue in the heart that can be very easily and safely taking care of by catheter ablation and the patient would live an absolute norml life afterwards.

yes

Endocarditis, is infection of the heart valve. THIS IS SERIOUS! You need to be seen by a good cardiologist and followed up with infectious disease physician as well. Most patient with endocarditis will require 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and a transesophageal echocardiogram to evaluate the extend of the disease.

That depends on how fast it was dealt with and if the artery was opened promptly or not. Most patients would recover if the artery was opened within few hours from their initial presentation.

Coronary spasm or Prinzmetal's angina, often referred to as "variant" angina, is a temporary increase in coronary vascular tone (vasospasm) causing a marked, but transient reduction in luminal diameter. This coronary vasospastic state is usually focal at a single site and can occur in either a normal or diseased vessel. Patients are predominantly younger women who may not have the classical cardiovascular risk factors (except for cigarette use). The most sensitive and specific test for Prinzmetal's angina is the administration of ergonovine intravenously. Fifty micrograms at 5-minute intervals is given until a positive result or a maximum dose of 400 microg has been administered. When positive, the symptoms and associated ST-segment elevation should be present. The prognosis is typically good when there is no significant coronary artery stenosis.

This depend on the outcome and the response to the receiver, ranging from 2-6 weeks

No, it wouldn't. However, anxiety can increase your heart rate that can make the images of echo hard to obtain some times

Yes. Certain patients who have weak hearts (Cardiomyopathy), or Coronary artery disease can be at a higher risk when get COVID-19. Because COVID-19 can increase blood viscosity that inturn can cause multiple blood clots

First of all, the risk of sudden cardiac death in general population can range from 1% per year to ~ 10% per year depending on the risk factors. There are multiple causes of cardiac arrest.
The two leading risk factors include:
1. Previous heart attack (75 percent of SCD cases are linked to a previous heart attack) -A person's risk of SCD is higher during the first six months after a heart attack.

2. Coronary artery disease (80 percent of SCD cases are linked with this disease) -Risk factors for coronary artery disease include smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol or an enlarged heart

Other risk factors include:

1. Ejection fraction of less than 40 percent, combined with ventricular tachycardia (see information below about EF)

2. Prior episode of sudden cardiac arrest
3. Family history of sudden cardiac arrest or SCD
4. Personal or family history of certain abnormal heart rhythms, including long QT syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, extremely low heart rates or 5. heart block
6. Ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation after a heart attack
7. History of congenital heart defects or blood vessel abnormalities
8. History of syncope (fainting episodes of unknown cause)
9. Heart failure: a condition in which the heart’s pumping power is weaker than normal. Patients with heart failure are 6 to 9 times more likely than the general population to experience ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden cardiac arrest.
10. Dilated cardiomyopathy (cause of SCD in about 10 percent of the cases): a decrease in the heart’s ability to pump blood due to an enlarged (dilated) and weakened left ventricle
11. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a thickened heart muscle that especially affects the ventricles
Significant changes in blood levels of potassium and magnesium (from using diuretics, for example), even if there is not organic heart disease
12. Obesity
13. Diabetes
14. Recreational drug abuse
15. Taking drugs that are “pro-arrhythmic” may increase the risk for life-threatening arrhythmias

The simple answer is no. However, we need to find out specifics about the arrhythmia. As I answered before in a previous post the word "Arrhythmia" is very generic.

Open heart surgery has been the goal standard for significant coronary artery disease particularly in diabetes. The success rate is very high in a good trained hand and in a high volume facility. That been said, the issues that could arise after surgery while rare are bleeding, infection and stroke.

Short list to live healthy:

Exercise at least three time a week (30 minutes each) or Walk ~ 10,000 steps/day
Eat healthy (less fat, less carb) more fruits and vegetables (Moderation)
Stop smoking
No excess alcohol
Keep your blood pressure normal

Tachycardia is a very generic word it isn't a diagnosis. It simply mean fast heart rate. It is important to be seen by a cardiac specialist who specialists in heart rhythm (Cardiac Electrophysiologist) to have a proper diagnosis and then establish the right management plan for you. Either medication or Ablation procedure.

Generally, yes.

Pleural effusion (fluid in the lung) is very common post open heart surgery. Could be a consequence of the surgical procedure itself and follow a generally benign course. Postoperative pleural effusions may also occur with postpericardiotomy syndrome which is a subgroup of the more general category of conditions called postcardiac injury syndrome

4-6 weeks

Cardiomyopathy is weakness of the heart muscle. Can have many causes coronary artery disease, hypertension or alcohol. Many studies showed a clear relation of lifetime alcohol consumption to structural and functional myocardial and skeletal muscle abnormalities in alcoholics. The amount of consumed alcohol was large—the equivalent of >80 g alcohol/day for 20 years. Further evidence came from data on acute alcohol effects. In alcoholic
cardiomyopathy, dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles is observed

Congestive heart failure is a problem of the main pumping chamber of the heart (the left ventricle) because of weakness of that chamber, the heart won't be able to pump the blood effectively. That lead to shortness of breath and water retention. BNP (brain natruratic peptide) is an enzyme that is secreted by the ventricular during acute decompensated heart failure to help eleviate the congestion. The levels of BNP in the blood can predict decompensation.

Yes, progressive fatigue, shortness of breath on simple activities.

Fluid accumulation in the lung, but also for the patient who have smoked a lot there would be a lot of secretions that develop in the lung because of mechanical respiration