Health in Focus Series | Scalp Psoriasis | Cynthia M. Magro, MD

Understanding Scalp Psoriasis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Scalp psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by the rapid reproduction of skin cells, resulting in raised, discolored plaques on the scalp or surrounding areas. This condition, while not contagious, can be uncomfortable and may affect one's quality of life. Exploring its symptoms, underlying causes, and available treatments is essential for managing scalp psoriasis effectively.

Symptoms: The symptoms of scalp psoriasis can vary from mild to severe and may include raised, red or purple plaques covered with silvery scales, itching, dryness, skin flakes, and in some cases, bleeding or pain. These symptoms can extend beyond the scalp, affecting areas such as the forehead, hairline, back of the neck, and skin around the ears.

Causes: Scalp psoriasis results from an overactive immune system that triggers inflammation and accelerates the growth cycle of skin cells. While the exact cause is unknown, genetic factors, environmental triggers, and immune system dysfunction are believed to play a role in its development. Factors such as stress, obesity, smoking, and certain medications may also exacerbate symptoms.

Diagnosis: Diagnosing scalp psoriasis typically involves a visual examination by a dermatologist. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other skin conditions. Understanding the extent and severity of scalp involvement is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment approach.

Treatment: Treatment for scalp psoriasis aims to reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and slow down the rapid growth of skin cells. Options may include:

1. Topical Treatments: Corticosteroids, coal tar, salicylic acid, and vitamin D analogs are commonly used to reduce inflammation and scale buildup on the scalp.
2. Phototherapy: Ultraviolet (UV) light therapy, administered under medical supervision, can help suppress immune system activity and improve symptoms of scalp psoriasis.
3. Systemic Medications: In severe cases, oral medications or biologic drugs may be prescribed to target underlying immune system dysfunction and control symptoms.
4. Lifestyle Modifications: Avoiding triggers such as stress, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption, as well as maintaining a healthy diet and managing stress levels, can help reduce flare-ups and improve overall skin health.

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