Health in Focus Series | Cataract Surgery | Gregory Panzo, MD

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Dr. Gregory Panzo Ophthalmologist Leesburg, FL

Dr. Gregory Panzo is an ophthalmologist practicing in Mount Dora, FL. Dr. Panzo specializes in eye and vision care. As an ophthalmologist, Dr. Panzo can practice medicine as well as surgery. Opthalmologists can perform surgeries because they have their medical degrees along with at least eight years of additional training.... more

Understanding Cataract Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide

Cataract surgery is a common and generally safe procedure to remove cataracts, which are cloudy areas in the lens of the eye that can impair vision. As we age, the proteins in the lens of our eye can clump together, forming a cataract that can lead to blurry vision, glare, and difficulty seeing at night. Cataract surgery restores clear vision by replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial one.

What Are Cataracts?

Cataracts develop gradually and can affect one or both eyes. They are a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide. Symptoms of cataracts include:

  • Blurry or cloudy vision
  • Difficulty with night vision
  • Sensitivity to light and glare
  • Seeing halos around lights
  • Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription
  • Fading or yellowing of colors

When Is Cataract Surgery Needed?

Cataract surgery is recommended when cataracts interfere with daily activities, such as reading, driving, or watching TV. An eye doctor can determine the severity of cataracts through a comprehensive eye exam and discuss whether surgery is the best option based on individual needs and lifestyle.

The Cataract Surgery Procedure

  1. Pre-Surgery Evaluation: Before the surgery, a thorough eye examination is conducted. Measurements of the eye are taken to determine the appropriate power of the artificial lens (intraocular lens or IOL).
  2. Anesthesia: Cataract surgery is usually performed under local anesthesia, numbing the eye. Patients are typically awake during the procedure but may be given a sedative to help them relax.
  3. Incision and Lens Removal: A small incision is made in the cornea. Through this incision, the surgeon inserts a tiny instrument to break up the cloudy lens using ultrasound waves (a process called phacoemulsification). The fragmented pieces of the lens are then suctioned out.
  4. Insertion of the Intraocular Lens (IOL): After removing the cataract, the surgeon inserts a clear artificial lens (IOL) into the same place where the natural lens used to be. The IOL becomes a permanent part of the eye.
  5. Closing the Incision: The incision is so small that it usually heals on its own without stitches.

Types of Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)

Various types of IOLs are available, and the choice depends on individual vision needs:

  • Monofocal IOLs: Provide clear vision at one distance (usually distance vision). Glasses may still be needed for reading or close work.
  • Multifocal IOLs: Offer multiple zones of vision, allowing for clear vision at near, intermediate, and far distances.
  • Toric IOLs: Designed for patients with astigmatism, these lenses correct the uneven curvature of the cornea.
  • Accommodative IOLs: Flex with the eye's muscles to help see at different distances.

Recovery and Post-Surgery Care

Recovery from cataract surgery is usually quick. Most patients notice an improvement in vision within a few days. However, full recovery can take a few weeks. Post-surgery care includes:

  • Using Prescribed Eye Drops: To prevent infection and reduce inflammation.
  • Avoiding Strenuous Activities: For at least a week to allow the eye to heal.
  • Protecting the Eye: Wearing an eye shield while sleeping and avoiding rubbing the eye.
  • Follow-Up Appointments: Regular check-ups with the eye doctor to monitor healing and vision improvement.

Risks and Complications

While cataract surgery is generally safe, there are potential risks, including:

Most complications are rare and can be treated effectively.

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