Gabriel Carpio-bracho

It's hard to say virtually but it's likely one of two possibilities: delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) or exercise-induced rhabdomyolisis (muscle damage releasing a protein into the blood). Both result from strenuous exercise. DOMS is very common when first starting to workout and when going up in resistance or intensity, rhabdo is rarer with exercise and usually is after extremely strenuous activity. The cause of DOMS isn't exactly known but suspected that it's on the lower end of the muscle damage spectrum. It seems to be associated more with eccentric exercises, pain-free at rest, pain with movement and pressure but seems to improve with light activity and icing. Rhabdo is connected with significant pain with movement and sometimes at rest but also can cause kidney injury leading to
brownish urine and reduced urine production. If you're experiencing the latter it would be good to go to the urgent care or ER to get treatment typically with IV fluids. If just soreness and gets better over the next few days especially with light activity and no urinary complaints I'd say still hydrate orally and stay active but can do so at home. Based on your description, my money is on DOMS which is very innocent. But, if concerned make an appointment with a local sports med doc by you to check it out in more detail. Once you plan to return to workouts re-evaluate your form and workout schedule as this could also be a sign of overuse or improper body mechanics.

An easy way to calculate your max heart rate for work out purposes is 220 - age. So, for you that would be 200 for 100% of your max. A good range to aim for sustained workout average is about 70 to 90% of your max, which would be 140-180. This will help build the cardiovascular endurance your heart wants to function more efficiently. Over time, it'll be harder to reach that max and you'll find yourself having to push a lot harder to hit these numbers. It's perfectly healthy to hit numbers above that up to your max, I would just try to limit duration at that heart rate so your heart doesn't overwork itself. Progressing workouts as tolerated to help improve your tolerance of rigorous exercise is typically the way to go. HIIT type workouts are good at that: hit high ranges and rest to bring it down then back up. Just not the only way to go to build stamina. Also depends on what your training goals are. Regardless, it's very individualized and good to talk to a trainer to help you plan accordingly.

Depends on the STD and the sport, certain precautions may be necessary. Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and syphilis typically no concerns with sports participation, but also important to not touch sores with your hands because that has potential to spread. Things like herpes may need caution in grappling sports like wrestling, jiu jitsu, but depends on the location of the lesions and if covered by standard gear. HIV would require some precautions in case the athlete has a wound resulting in bleeding.

It would be good for you to be evaluated to ensure that you don't have testicular torsion or other internal trauma that if left unaddressed can cause long-term complications. You should at least get an ultrasound done. While oftentimes it's expected to pass, if it's still an ongoing issue, more reason to see your doctor.

It's hard to say over the internet and with just pictures without being able to see the foot itself, but I can try to help give you some guidance as far as a few things to maybe look into and see if they apply to her situation prior to other visits. just a few questions to get some additional details.

- any history of her toes or fingers going white and painful especially in the cold?
- is the discoloration associated with the pain or just something new that she is noticing
- does this happen every time she lowers her leg or does it also occur spontaneously?
- is there anything else that can triggers the symptoms (i.e. cold temperature)?
- any numbness/tingling?
- does she have any medical conditions or take any medications?
- where on her leg does it hurt?
- what was the injury in december and what was done?

Answers to those could give me a little more understanding of the situation

The big question is what makes you feel the pain is coming from your ACL? There are lots of structures in the knee; so, many things that can contribute to pain. If you had an MRI and it showed a full ACL tear, then an orthopedic surgeon is best. however, if its just knee pain or a partial tear, then seeing a sports medicine physician who is either nonsurgical (primary
care sports medicine) or surgical (ortho) would be ideal. If no ACL rupture, then it isn't likely to require surgery so either can manage.
I hope that helps.

It's hard to tell without a full examination, but oftentimes, imbalances created by inactivity, improper form with activity, body weight, adherence to physical therapy plans and other factors can also contribute to pain. Considering the knee replacement it would be good for you to see your surgeon to make sure the hardware still looks good and to assess for those other triggers for pain as well.

It depends on the ligament and to what extent it was torn and can vary widely from a few weeks to months and longer if surgery is required.