“Can migraines cause permanent neurological damage?”

Migraines uncontrolled over a long period of time can cause neurological damage. If you suffer from migraines that are debilitating or incapacitating,  on average of once or more times per week, then you should consider prophylactic ( preventative ) therapy. Migraines throughout childhood into young and nature to middle-aged adults often lead to multiple microinfarcts to the brain. This in turn can lead to significant cognitive impairment later on. On ni so rare occasions in younger people, it can cause clinically significant Transient Ischemic Attacks ( TIA's ) or Strokes with residual sequelae. So to simplify the answer to your question: The answer is a resounding YES.

A type of migraine called migraine with aura., which has neurological problems that occur prior to, or with the headache, can, on rare occasions, cause a stroke. More than 99% of migraine patients never have a stroke.